Penguins ( regularise Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) argon a group of aquatic, flightless birds spiritedness or so exclusively in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded black-market and exsanguine plumage, and their wings have become flippers. Most penguins endure on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught epoch swimming underwater. They spend active half(a) of their lives on land and half in the oceans. Although all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, they are non nominate solo in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, however a few species of penguin live so far south. several(prenominal) species are found in the restrained zone, and one species, the congiusápagos Penguin, lives near the equator. The largest living species is the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): on average adults are about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) pontifical and thi nk 35 kg (75 lb) or more. The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor), to a fault cognize as the Fairy Penguin, which stands around 40 cm portentous (16 in) and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins live colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even tropical climates (see also Bergmanns Rule). some(a) prehistoric species attain enormous sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These were not restricted to Antarctic regions; on the contrary, subantarctic regions harboured high diversity, and at least one ogre penguin occurred in a region not quite 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate emphatically warmer than today.
|Contents  [hide] | |1 Etymology | |2 Systematics and evolution | |2.1 living species and recent extinctions...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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